Behavior of Internal Stakeholders in Project †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Talk about the Behavior of Internal Stakeholders in Project. Answer: Presentation The investigation of business morals guarantees the approaches and practices identified with the conceivably questionable issues. The motivation behind considering the morals is to manage the business for increasing open acknowledgment by maintaining a strategic distance from the issues like guardian duties, corporate social obligations, separation, pay off, insider exchanging, and corporate administration. At the end of the day, the moral thought assumes job in guaranteeing the necessary trust among purchasers and different types of market members with business. The idea of morals raised during the second 50% of twentieth century with organizations getting progressively mindful of a rising client based society. It by and large works out positively past being only a code of good and bad, and endeavors to accommodate the lawful obligations of the business association as opposed to holding a worthwhile situation in serious market. Weiss (2014) in his book recognized a few instances of moral issues looked by the current worldwide business association and closed the raise of moral issues in 21st century. The report centers around the moral issue looked by the German car organization Volkswagen in 2015. Volkswagen has again stood out as truly newsworthy for reviewing about 500,000 diesel vehicles from United States in 2015. It is expected to the companys improper moral thought in corporate dynamic. This corporate outrage of Volkswagen is a numerous level moral infringement and can be seen from various points. The connection of the case can be attracted to the natural calamity, universal business morals, out of line strategic policies, just as illicit corporate action. This is stunning news revealed against the once respected German automaker for corporate trouble making. The organization not just ignored the government furthest reaches of outflow control, yet additionally chose to conceal them. Each and every diesel vehicle sent to the United States was fitted with programming to misrepresent the contamination level during the test yet debilitated them while they were quite the street . The report is included three sections. The initial segment of the report gives a top to bottom depiction of the case under investigation to shape an unmistakable thought regarding the moral issue led by the organization. A careful contextual analysis has been led that distinguishes different partners associated with the case. The second piece of the report at that point completely examinations the case utilizing pertinent scholarly perusing. Definite investigation of the moral issues present for the situation is finished. It tends to the inquiries with respect to the association of the partners identified with the issue. Further examination uncovers the effect of the case on numerous measurements. The idea of the moral issue for this situation is likewise distinguished in this area. The last piece of the report offers the perusers with certain suggestions dependent on the investigation made in the past area. This part offer the learning result of the case dissected and suggests the f undamental advances that could have been taken by the association to stay away from the circumstance. Case Description The vehicles outfitted with diesel motors are known to be better helpful over the gas vehicles in regards to solidness, cost productivity, and eco-friendliness. Be that as it may, these vehicles require some additional push to observe the rule and principles set by the Environmental security Agency so as to oversee destructive and mortal impacts of nitrogen oxide. This made it harder for the car organizations to fulfill the emanation guideline while keeping the eco-friendliness flawless. While everybody battling with keeping the eco-friendliness high in their diesel vehicles, Volkswagen presented their new line of diesel vehicles with low outflow and high eco-friendliness. It was a lot of progress for the organization that earned them a gigantic measure of benefit selling their diesel vehicles in the US advertise just as around the world. Be that as it may, the issue stir when a non-benefit bunch named as the International Council on Clean Transportation proposed for an on-street outflow test for all the vehicles in the States on 2013. Their proposition was simply founded on the wellbeing worry of the general population. This was the first run through when something like this was directed and this test was unique in relation to the ones in the research center. The California Air Resource Board required an examination on the Volkswagen diesel models on street in the year 2014 and the duty was provide for the West Virginia University (Gates et al. 2017). The aftereffect of the test uncovered the VW diesel vehicles for a discharge level that is multiple times higher than the US guideline norms (Mansouri 2016). Further research clarifies that the organization had a product fitted in their diesel vehicles to control the emanation in the lab test and produce counterfeit outcome. Though as the wellbeing naturally debilitated itself during on street drive. The EPA declared that the gadget fitted in the VW vehicles could detect the testing situations by checking a few elements like motor activity, speed, pneumatic stress and even the situation of the directing wheel. The essential report recognized the association of nine of the Volkswagen administrator in the emanation outrage who have been suspended. The administrator of the VW expressed in his explanation note that it occurred because of the deceptive mentality of he suspended gathering which prompted this undesired episode. Aftereffect of the further research on October 2015 and the announcement from the CEO detailed the contribution of a little gathering of architects in inserting the gadget in the vehicle of which the CEO was left ignorant (Goodman 2017). The outside examiner of the issue introduced an admission articulation of fifty staffs for the most part in Wolfsburg in regards to their familiarity with the outflow embarrassment exercises. Later report communicated that various architects and specialists knew about the emanation fixing exercises in the manufacturing plant and they effectively educated the administrators. Be that as it may, the administrators intentionally disregarded th e alarm. The more profound investigation working on this issue distinguished a person with the capacity to code the destruction gadget program. In any case, it required something other than a person to realize the idea of conning the emanation. The last report caused the suspension of nine chiefs from administrative board, quality control and confirmation, motor originators, plant administrators, directors of sub organizations and plant supervisor (Boston, Sloat and Varnholt 2017). Explanations behind Rigging Emission Test The continuous research of the Volkswagen emanation embarrassment case distinguished a few reasons constrained the representatives to think about this deceptive direct. Right off the bat, the director of Volkswagen Mr. Hans-Dieter Potsch uncovered the primary apparatus diesel outflow was directed on 2005 by certain designers at the hour of inconvenience of hardest discharge measures to car industry (Geuss 2017). The inconvenience constrained them to consider the choice because of the brief timeframe and deficient financial plan designated for the undertaking. In any case, they managed to discover an answer for this the issues, yet they intentionally wanted to keep fixing than actualizing the strategy (Boston, Sloat and Varnholt 2017). The second noteworthy explanation that supported this exploitative lead is the one of a kind corporate culture present in the organization. The way of life of commitment prompted the production of a climate of a fundamentally incorporated structure. This pressurized the representatives to convey the requests and desires for the organization regardless of whether they needed to disrupt the moral norms. The procedure of accomplishment no longer made a difference as the outcome was of prime intrigue (Goodman 2017). The emanation outrage of Volkswagen had a few outcomes that can be summarized into three significant fields that are political, financial and socio-natural results. Political Consequences The branch of US Justice, the EPA and the Federal Trade Commission forced different criminal allegations on Volkswagen vehicle. The organization was blamed for cheating with on the outflow test and was requested to review each and every affected model in the United States in 2015. The EPA changed the emanation test system and remembered for street discharge test in the rule. Moreover, the examination was stretched out to different brands too. The repercussion of this fell on to different nations too and they started comparable test on the Volkswagen diesel models and concocted comparable outcomes to the one of United States (Jung and Park 2017). Prudent Consequence Charles Breyer, the region court judge of United States endorsed a last $14.7 billion settlement on October 2016. A buyback program will follow this from the organization offering the clients an aggregate of $10 billion. The spending plan for every vehicle was set from $12500 to $44000 contingent upon the model for the proprietors who purchased their vehicle before September 2015. The clients will possibly get the sum on the off chance that they offer their vehicles to the organization. The residents then again will get a money esteem in the middle of $2600 to $4900. The organization will undoubtedly pay the money to the clients as a thought of their criminal offense (Atiyeh 2017). Socio-ecological Consequences A various degree of social and natural outcome happened because of the infringement of the moral standards. The utilization of this dangerous poison diesel motor caused a huge ecological debasement in the course of recent years. Also, the wellbeing harms caused because of this could cost more than $100 million as per the report introduced by Selin (2017). Wolfsburg then again confronted quick outcome with a monetary aftermath including a brief recruiting suspension and diminished corporate assessment income (Eddy 2017). Basic investigation of the manageability issues There are different conclusions and articulations being given by various creators corresponding to the moral issues being looked by the contemporary business associations. Be that as it may, lion's share of the opin

Technological Advancements :: essays papers

Mechanical Advancements On November 7, 1940 the Tacoma Narrows Bridge was hit by winds of up to 40mph. The extension started to turn and ripple. A few links snapped and a 600 foot segment of the scaffold fell into Puget Sound. ^Wind is be that as it may, one catastrophe, quakes are another^ (Jay Stuller 36). Fiascos like this one and others could have been kept away from if the correct safety measures had been taken. Because of the fiascos on the planet the structures of today and tomorrow are a lot more secure. Today the vast majority of these fiascoes are maintained a strategic distance from in light of the forward-thinking innovation, as design, anticipating the calamities before hand and new methods utilized by crisis salvage groups. Some significant advances in today^s structures incorporate such things like the material utilized. For example items like steel-fortified cement (allude to outline 3-1), steel surrounding, and appropriately supported wood outlines for houses are a couple of models of how structures are being retrofitted and new structures are being worked towards assurance from debacles. Too, the establishments of the structures can be based on stun retaining ^base isolators^ containing springs or exchanging layers of steel plates and elastic, to check the impacts of seismic tremors. In Japan structures have been keeping mind seismic tremors while planning and building structures. Lamentably the structures were for the most part intended to withstand a vertical power. The Japanese structures were intended to withstand a specific quickening power, however in January 1995, a seismic tremor hit the city Kobe destroying the structures, which were believed to be sheltered. It just shows, ^that building plan models are pivotal to withstanding impacts of earthquakes^ (Gerad Baker 12). The ordinary Japanese wooden houses that had overwhelming rooftops fell, and likewise fresher homes were crushed, as observed on chart 3-2. This could have been kept away from by building the houses with lighter compressed wood outlines with crossbars that appropriate power equally instead of houses with overwhelming timber dividers that breakdown under power. Also the materials used to construct the structures has a lot to do with the endurance pace of structures. The utilization of strengthened cement is believed to be a significant motivation behind why structures remain flawless. It is conceivable to fortify more established structures with additional solid just and viably, which has been done in California since 1989. Extensions, an entirely unexpected part of building, yet a fundamentally the same as strategy for making sound structures. During the Kobe seismic tremor the Hanshin turnpike fallen on its side for a stretch of 600m (pictures seen on page 5). This sort of roadway is based upon fortified solid columns. There is steel inside the columns to build its capacity to twist and flex with the

6 Strategies to Maximize Earned Media for Your Brand

6 Strategies to Maximize Earned Media for Your Brand One of the new buzzwords that has been attracting a lot of attention in the content marketing space is earned media.Everywhere you turn, you will find marketers claiming how vital earned media is to your digital strategy.It has been touted to be one of the most effective ways of building brand awareness, driving demand, and acquiring new leads.But what exactly is earned media, and how can you take advantage of it?In today’s article, we are going to take a look at what earned media is, why your brand needs earned media, and six strategies that will help you maximize earned media for your brand.WHAT IS EARNED MEDIA?Earned media refers to any publicity that is organically generated and that boosts your brand and marketing efforts. In contrast to paid media, earned media is free.Earned media is achieved when a third party who is not affiliated to your business creates or distributes content on the behalf of your brand.Earned media comes in the form of reviews, shared social media posts , guest posts, press mentions, awards, influencer recognition, and so on. Earned media is one of the desired results of a brand’s social media and public relations efforts.Earned media acts as a vehicle that helps prospective clients get to your owned media.Owned media refers to web property that is unique to your brand and that is under your brand’s control.Some great examples of owned media include websites, blogs, and social media channels.While owned media is important, it is of no use if people are not viewing or interacting with it. Earned media provides this vital link between your target audience and your owned media.For instance, if your business is featured on a top blog within your industry, new people will learn about your business and might visit your website or social media pages to get more information about your business. In this regard, earned media can be thought of as online word of mouth.In addition to being free, earned media also opens up your business to a n entirely new audience.Most of the third-parties who create or distribute content related to your brand will most likely have an audience that is totally different from the audience that you are able to reach by yourself, therefore widening your brand’s reach.However, earned media will only have a positive impact on your business if your brand is engaging with customers on social media, producing creative and valuable content, and generally making customers happy.TYPES OF EARNED MEDIALike I mentioned earlier, earned media can come in many forms. Some of the most common include:A Blogger Who Decides to Review Your ProductWhen you pay a blogger to review your product, or offer a blogger your products for free in exchange for a review, that counts as paid media, rather than earned media.However, when a blogger is delighted with your product and decides to create content reviewing the product, without expecting any compensation from you, that qualifies as earned media.Influencers or Social Media Users Sharing Your Brand’s PostWhen your followers or influencers within your industry come across your social media posts and decide (out of their own volition) to retweet the content or share with their followers, that counts as earned media.It means that they like your content to the extent they are willing to promote it to their own friends and followers.However, whenever you hire an influencer to promote your product or participate in a social media campaign, that counts as paid media, rather than earned media.Press MentionsWhenever a journalist or reporter mentions your brand as part of a magazine story or a news article, or whenever your brand is mentioned on TV or radio, that counts as earned media. However, any advertisements placed on these media do not count as earned media.Organic Search Results RankingHaving a high ranking on SERPs (Search Engine Results Pages) is another type of earned media.However, for search engine rankings to counts as earned media, you need to have attained the high ranking organically.If the ranking was achieved by paying for prominent placing, that does not count as earned media.WHY YOUR BRAND NEEDS EARNED MEDIA One of the greatest reasons why you should start thinking about earned media, if you haven’t already, is because of the trust your brand stands to gain from earned media.In an age where consumers are constantly being bombarded with advertisements left, right, and center, people are more likely to trust recommendations coming from their friends and peers than messages coming from the brands themselves.Actually, a study conducted by Nielsen found that 83% of consumers completely trust recommendations that come from family and friends. In a world that is dominated by social media, the term “friend” has become very flexible.Today, people treat people they connect with on social media as friends, even if they might have never met and might even be in different continents.This means that the most tru sted source of information about your business does not come from the messages your business disseminates to the public, but from what other people â€" previous customers, the media and influencers â€" are saying about your business.When satisfied customers leave positive reviews about your business or products, they are more likely to be responsive than they might be to any hard sales message put out by your brand.This is why your brand needs to put a lot of focus into nurturing good relationships with loyal customers, also known as brand advocates.One of the reasons why consumers don’t trust messages from brands is because they know that ultimately, the brand is trying to sell its products and might therefore be economical with the truth when it comes to talking about its own products.However, when people who have previously used your products post reviews, ratings, recommendations, and stories about their experience with your business and products, they have nothing to gain fro m it.They are just giving their honest opinion about their interaction with your brand and products.This is why their message is more credible, and is the reason why most consumers will go online to check reviews and recommendations from other customers before making a purchase. Source: Social Media TodayThe other reason why earned media is good for your brand is that it leads to a higher conversion rate, which in turn means that it has a higher return on investment.According to AdAge, brands that focus on earned media see conversion rates of 5% or higher, compared to a conversion rate of just 1% or less for paid media.The higher return on investment of earned media stems from the fact that earned media is more cost-effective, since brands don’t pay directly for the content.However, this does not mean that there are no costs associated with earned media.Brands have to put in time and energy to build strong relationships with their customers and brand advocates. In addition, the investment put into getting earned media is more sustainable.As long as you have built strong relationships with customers, and as long as they continue to be satisfied with your products and services, they will continue leaving positive reviews about your brand, sharing your posts, and recommending your products and services to their friends and family.THE DRAWBACK OF EARNED MEDIAWhile earned media increases your brand’s credibility and has a higher conversion rate and ROI, it is not without its drawbacks.The biggest drawback of earned media is that you have the least amount of control over earned media compared to paid and owned media.When publishing content on media you own, such as your website or social media pages, you have full discretion over what content to put up and the message within the content.When you pay someone to publish content about your brand, they might have their conditions, such as content type, length, and so on, but you still have control over the message within the content.When it comes to earned media, you don’t have the luxury of control.Customers who were not satisfied with your products might post disgruntled comments about your company.Bloggers who had a negative experience with your business might write a bad review about y our brand.Such negative earned media can have a very huge impact on your business, especially if it goes viral, and the worst part is that there is not much you can do about it.If someone feels that their experience with your brand was wanting, you cannot prevent them from sharing their opinion.To avoid receiving negative earned media, your brand needs to put a lot of focus into keeping its customers satisfied, so that they will only have great things to say about your brand.Try to limit customer frustrations as much as possible.6 STRATEGIES TO MAXIMIZE EARNED MEDIAYou have diligently focused on providing a delightful experience to your customers, you have built strong relationships with your customers, influencers, and bloggers within your industry, your PR team has been hard at work, and you have finally earned a feature in a “Top 10” article in one of the biggest magazines within your niche.While this earned publicity will definitely boost your business, if you want to make t he most from it, you need to have a plan in place for maximizing this publicity.If you have received some awesome earned media and are unsure on how to proceed from there, below are a few pointers on how to get the most from it.Tap Into Your Stakeholders’ NetworksAfter receiving a positive mention in a publication or blog, you want to spread the word as wide as possible.You want to create buzz around the positive publicity you have just received and get people talking about your company on social media.The more people talk about it, the wider your message will go.Most social media platforms have algorithms for keeping track of the pieces of content that are attracting a lot of engagements â€" shares, comments, clicks, and so on.If you get people talking about your positive mention in a publication, different social media platforms will amplify the content by showing it to similar audiences.One way to create some buzz around your positive publicity is to tap into the personal netwo rks of the various stakeholders in your business. Start with your employees.Ask them to share the positive brand mention with their social media followers and start a conversation around your brand.This will give you a wider reach than you would have achieved by yourself.For instance, let’s say that your company has a total of 10,000 followers across all social media platforms.At the same time, each of your 25 employees has at least 1000 followers across all social media platforms.By asking them to share your positive brand mention with their followers, you can potentially reach 25000 more people than you would have reached by only sharing the content on your company social media pages.Do the same thing with the board members and other investors in your business.They are invested in the success of your business, and will therefore be interested in learning of any positive mentions the business has attracted.However, don’t stop at that. Request them to also share this with their networks, just as you did with your employees.Of course, most won’t mind sharing positive news about a company they have invested in.You might also want to include the positive brand mention in emails to prospects and customer newsletters.The point here is to have the positive brand mention shared as much as possible.The more it is shared and talked about, the more it will be amplified on different social media platforms, and the more potential customers it will reach.Tap Into Your Personal Sphere of InfluenceTapping into your sphere of influence can also go a long way into boosting your media exposure.Reach out to people within your circle and send them a personalized message asking them to share the article.Of course, you should also be willing to do the same should they approach you with such a request.When doing this, resist the temptation to send a generic message to everyone within your circle.If you want to increase the chances of them actually sharing your article, take a few minutes and create an individual message for each one of them.If possible, you can even form a network of people who are willing to support each other’s business by sharing each other’s wins to increase the exposure for each one’s business.Create a Twitter Chat Around the TopicSoon after your brand receives a positive mention in a big publication, you should create a Twitter chat where people within your company and your customers can talk about the article where your brand was featured and its contents.It is important to do this soon after the article is published, since people will be more likely to participate in the chat while the topic is still hot.However, you can schedule the chat to start a few hours or a day after the article is published, while you generate some buzz for the chat in the meantime.To get the chat started, have your employees have a conversation about the article or topic, and have them invite other people who might be interested into the conversati on.For instance, you might tag some of your target customers and influencers within your industry to get them involved in the conversation.You can even get your friends and family to participate in the chat to attract more people to the conversation. You should also use a relevant hashtag to generate more buzz for the chat and make it easier to keep track of all the contributions to the topic.It’s good to note that sometimes, getting consumers to jump onto your designated hashtag can be a bit of a challenge, and therefore you need to ensure that your chosen hashtag is encouraging and engaging. Below are some tips on how to do that.Make your hashtag straightforward and relevant: You want your followers to be able to know immediately what the hashtag is all about so that they can get involved. If your hashtag is confusing, people are less likely to post their messages on it. In addition, your hashtag should be easy to spell and remember.It should be short and to the point: Tweets ar e capped at only 140 characters per tweet, so you don’t want to take too much of the available characters with an unnecessarily long hashtag.Make sure it hasn’t been used before: Before you settle on a specific hashtag, do some research to ascertain that the hashtag hasn’t been used before. You don’t want your brand to end up using a hashtag that is associated with something else, or worse, one that is associated with something negative.In addition, you should also avoid using generic hashtags, avoid hashtags that don’t reflect your brand’s values, and avoid using multiple hashtags, since this can end up confusing your followers.Promote the Positive Brand Mention on Social MediaIf you have received a positive review from a prestigious publication, you can take advantage of this positive brand mention by promoting it to your ideal customers through paid social media ads.Almost every social media platform allows users to run paid and highly targeted ads, so all you need to do is to choose platforms that are most popular among your target audience and run campaigns to advertise the article to prospective customers.Doing so will make it possible for an even bigger number of people to see that you have been featured on a prestigious publication.The best part about using this strategy is that it is not expensive â€" even a $20 budget might be enough.In addition, you have the option of A/B testing different ads to see which ones work best.Measure ResultsOf course, it is pointless to have an earned media strategy if you have no way of measuring its effectiveness.You need a way of measuring the ROI of your earned media, which will then help you to fine tune and optimize your strategy to receive even better results.Fortunately, there are a ton of comprehensive analytics software that allow brands to monitor their mentions in real time.These software can help you track your reach following being featured in an influential publication and help you come up with better ways of making the most from the publicity.Aside from mentions, other metrics you should track following the positive publicity include impressions, engagement, leads, and sales.If you are embarking on an active earned media campaign (where you deliberately engage in activities that will potentially attract earned media), you need to set goals for your earned media campaign before launching the campaign.This makes it easier to measure success, because you are aware of what you were aiming for.Get Hands-On With PRFinally, to get the most out of your earned media, you also need to make sure that your positive mention reaches other media outlets.If your feature in a big publication has garnered a lot of buzz and attracted lots of traffic, other media outlets might also be interested in covering your brand.Therefore, following your positive brand mention, when there is still lots of buzz around the topic, send pitches to other media outlets to get even more coverage and increase your overall visibility.Some of your press contacts might even start reaching out to you after seeing your brand popping up in a couple of other big publications.WRAPPING UPWhen brands receives a positive mention in an influential place, most brands simply revel in the afterglow of this publicity and enjoy the small spike in business.Smart brands, on the other hand, take maximum advantage of the publicity and milk it for all its worth.Don’t be most brands. Be a smart brand and take maximum advantage of your earned media.

The transfer of shares - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1420 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Case study Did you like this example? Question 1 The relevant provisions in the articles of association of Treeng Ltd (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Treengà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ) are twofold. First, the directors are empowered to refuse to register a transfer of shares, and it seems that they may exercise this power in their absolute discretion. At common law, however, such power must be exercised à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“bona fide in what they consider à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" not what a court may consider à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" is in the interests of the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [1] and the decision to refuse to register a transfer must be a positive act taken by the board, not a mere failure to approve the registration[2], but the directors do not need to give reasons for their refusal[3]. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The transfer of shares" essay for you Create order Secondly, the articles provide that the directors must notify the transferee of their refusal within two months. This is consistent with the requirement imposed by section 183(5) of the Companies Act 1985 (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“CA 1985à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ), which also provides for a penalty if this requirement is breached (section 183(6) and Schedule 24 CA 1985). These provisions are currently still in force, and will be effectively recast in sections 771(1)(b), (3) and (4) of the Companies Act 2006 (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“CA 2006à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ) when the latter provisions come into force. The articles appear to be silent on the issue of pre-emption rights of other members, and the issue will therefore not be considered further. Arnold lodged the transfer of the shares to Bill with Treeng immediately after its execution four months ago, but the transfer has not been registered by the company and Bill has not been notified of any decision by Treengà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s directors. The transfer of shares is not complete until Bill is registered as the new owner of the shares in the register of members, although Bill may have an equitable interest in the shares if he purchased them[4]. However, the directorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ right of refusal must be exercised within a reasonable time, and in any event within the statutory two months[5]. As four months have now elapsed, if the directors have not taken a positive decision to refuse to register the transfer, they will have lost the right to do so[6], and Bill therefore has a right to be registered as a member. He should apply to the court to have the register rectified under section 359 CA 1985 and should serve a notice on Treeng for a share certificate to be issued as required by sections 185(1) and (5) and Schedule 24 CA 1985. There may be an obstacle for Bill if the directors of Treeng can show that they in fact decided to refuse to register the transfer within two months of the transfer form being lodged with the c ompany, and then simply failed to notify Bill of their decision. In Popley v Planarrive Ltd[7] Laddie J held that such default will make the relevant officers liable under section 183(6) CA 1985, but will not in itself affect the validity of the refusal. However, Laddie J went on to suggest that there may be circumstances in which the delay in notification is such that the company ought to be estopped from relying on its refusal to register[8]. In my view it is likely that even if the directors did decide to refuse to register the transfer within the prescribed two months, Bill may persuasively argue that the delay in notifying him is such[9] that the company ought to be estopped from relying on the decision and that the register ought to be rectified and the share certificate issued as discussed above. Question 2 As Henryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s signature on the transfer form is forged, the instrument is void and there is therefore no transfer of his shares[10]. This means that Henry has the right under section 359 CA 1985 to request that the company rectify its register of members by restoring his name in place of Malcolmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. This will be the case even if there is evidence that Henryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s own conduct gave Bernard the opportunity to commit the fraud[11] (and indeed it appears that Henryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s carelessness gave Bernard the opportunity to steal the share certificate and then commit the fraud). This strict position will of course adversely affect Malcolm, who is likely to have paid Bernard for the shares. In addition, there will be little point in Malcolm seeking to pursue a claim against Bernard, as the latter has in all likelihood disappeared with the money. Malcolm will want to rely on the doctrine of estoppel by share certificate. The doctrine provides that where a company has issued a share certificate (which contains a statement that the transferor is the registered holder of the shares) and a transferee has subsequently relied on the certificate to his detriment as proof that the transferor did in fact own the shares, the transferee may claim an indemnity from the company if it later transpires that the share certificate was in fact false and that the transferor did not own the shares[12]. The company, on the other hand, may in turn claim an indemnity against the party who lodged the forged instrument which led to the issue of the false certificate, even if such party had no knowledge that the instrument was forged[13]. In the present scenario, a valid share certificate was issued by the company to Henry. There is no suggestion that Bernard fraudulently transferred the shares to himself and then requested a certificate in his own name to be issued before purportedly transferring the shares to Malcolm. Therefore, Malcolm will have relied on the valid share certificate as evidence that the shares were owned by Henry, and will then have acted on the erroneous assumption that Berna rd was in fact Henry. It follows that the doctrine of estoppel by share certificate will not assist Malcolm in these circumstances, as the certificate relied on by Malcolm was in fact a perfectly valid one. As Malcolm will not be able to seek an indemnity from the company, there will be no scope for the company to seek an indemnity from the party who lodged the forged instrument, although rather interestingly in these circumstances that party would be Malcolm himself, creating a rather odd circularity. Consequently, it appears that Henryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s name will be reinstated and Malcolm will have no remedy against Bernard or the company. Although this approach is somewhat harsh in relation to Malcolm, it appears that the rationale underlying it is that the transferees or their brokers are in a better position to asses whether the purported transferors are rogues than companies, who generally issue share certificates as a mere administrative procedure. The situation wou ld be different if Malcolm had meanwhile transferred his shares to Nadia, whose name now appeared in the register of members. Henry would again be able to insist on the reinstatement of his name in the register in place of Nadiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s, but Nadia could argue that she had relied on the share certificate issued to Malcolm as evidence of Malcolmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s ownership of the shares. As such certificate is in fact false, Nadia would be able to seek compensation from the company, which in turn would be able to seek compensation from Malcolm who, though unknowingly, lodged the forged transfer form in the first place[14]. BIBLIOGRAPHY Barber, Company Law, 4th ed., London, Old Bailey Press, 2003 Davies, Gower and Daviesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Principles of Modern Company Law, 7th ed., London, Sweet Maxwell, 2003 Mayson, French Ryan, Company Law, 23rd ed., Oxford University Press, 2006 Sealy, Cases and Materials in Company Law, 7th ed., London, LexisNexis UK, 20 01 Shepherd, Company Law: 150 Leading Cases, 3rd ed., London, Old Bailey Press, 2004 Hardoon v Belilios [1901] AC 118 Popley v Planarrive Ltd [1997] 1 BCLC 8 Re Hackney Pavilion Ltd [1924] 1 Ch 276 Re Smith and Fawcett Ltd [1942] Ch 304 Re Swaledale Cleaners Ltd [1968] 1 WLR 1710 Royal Bank of Scotland plc v Sandstone Properties Ltd [1998] 2 BCLC 429 Simms v Anglo-American Telegraph Co (1879) 5 QBD 188 Welch v Bank of England [1955] Ch 508 1 Footnotes [1] Re Smith and Fawcett Ltd [1942] Ch 304, per Lord Green MR at 306. [2] Re Hackney Pavilion Ltd [1924] 1 Ch 276. [3] This position will be changed when sections 771(1)(b) and (2) of the Companies Act 2006 come into force. [4] Hardoon v Belilios [1901] AC 118. [5] Re Swaledale Cleaners Ltd [1968] 1 WLR 1710. [6] Ibid. [7] [1997] 1 BCLC 8. [8] This point was not argued by either counsel in the case, and is therefore strictly obiter. [9] The delay will be of at least two months, as the decision must have been taken within two months from the lodging of the transfer: Re Swaledale Cleaners Ltd, cf. note 5 above. [10] Simms v Anglo-American Telegraph Co (1879) 5 QBD 188. [11] Welch v Bank of England [1955] Ch 508. [12] It should be noted that under section 186(1) CA 1985 a share certificate is merely à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“prima facie evidenceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  of a memberà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s title to the shares. [13] Royal Bank of Scotland plc v Sandstone Prop erties Ltd [1998] 2 BCLC 429. [14] Ibid.

Catherine Barkly Man s Stepping Stone Of Achievement...

Catherine Barkly: man s stepping stone to achievement and fulfillment The Bechdel test, while usually applied to films, asks whether a work of fiction features at least two named, women characters who talk to each other about something other than a man. Works that pass the test are considered to have a rudimentary level of female agency and independence. Ernest Hemingway s hyper masculine novel, A Farewell to Arms, does not pass the Bechdel test. The novel, published in 1929, is set in Italy during World War I and centers around Lieutenant Frederic Henry, an American ambulance driver in the Italian army. Catherine Barkley is an English nurse and serves as Henry s love interest. Unlike Henry, she is a static character who does not†¦show more content†¦How many have you—how do you say it?—stayed with? None. You re lying to me. Yes. It s all right. Keep right on lying to me. That s what I want you to do. Were they pretty? (Hemingway 104-105) Initially, the relationship was a game of love with the sole purpose of distracting them from unpleasant circumstances. This passage demonstrates this game but also one of the illusions their entire relationship is built upon. Catherine and Henry are both acknowledging the lie. This dialogue establishes the importance of illusion in Catherine and Henry s relationship. By accepting the illusion, Catherine furthers her position as and idealization rather than a realistic character. Catherine s hair is a significant symbol in the novel. Henry s description of her hair in chapter XVII has become a well-known passage. He says, I would watch her while she kept very still and then take out the last two pins and it would all come down and she would drop her head and we would both be inside of it, and it was the feeling of inside a tent or behind a falls. (Hemingway 114). This description stands as a symbol of the couple s isolation from the world. Henry allows himself to believe that they ar e protected from the outside world by something as delicate as hair. In this description we are reminded of Catherine s alluring beauty as well as her innate ability to be exactly what Henry needs at any given point. By submitting to

Costs and Manufacturing Overhead Free Essays

1. How much overhead cost would be saved by outsourcing production of muffler-exhaust systems and oil pans if a. Overhead costs were entirely fixed costs? $0 would be saved because fixed costs do not affected by reduced number of labor caused by outsourcing. We will write a custom essay sample on Costs and Manufacturing Overhead or any similar topic only for you Order Now b. Overhead costs were entirely variable costs? (How is volume of activity measured at Bridgeton? Why is volume not measured by simply counting units produced?) All of them would be saved. If using numbers in 1988 for estimate, (5,766,000+6,532,000)*434% = $53,373,320 would be saved. Bridgeton accumulates all manufacturing overhead costs into one cost pool, and use direct labor dollar cost as the allocation measure to apportion the overhead costs in the cost pool. Unlike direct labor and direct material costs that can be traced to specific products, overhead costs could be administrative and manufacturing related so that not all of them are involved in ACF’s production. Therefore, there isn’t a high degree of correlation between the units produced and the amount of manufacturing overhead used. 2. How much overhead cost do you think Bridgeton and the consultants implicitly assumed would be saved by outsourcing muffler-exhaust systems and oil pans? They expect all overhead specific to product line of Muffler – Exhaust systems and oil pans would be saved, which is ($5,766,000+6,532,000)*434% = $533,733,20 (using 1988 data for estimate). 3. Calculate the overhead allocation rate for each of the model years 1988 through 1990. Are the changes since 1987 in overhead allocation rates significant? Why have these changes occurred? a) divide total overhead ($) by total direct labor ($) showed in Exh.2 to get overhead rate. | 1987| 1988| 1989| 1990| Overhead Rate| 437% = 107,954/24,682| 434% = 109,890/25,294| 577% = 78,157/13,537| 563% = 79,393/14,102| How to cite Costs and Manufacturing Overhead, Papers

Pros and Cons of Fairtrade Essay Example

Pros and Cons of Fairtrade Essay In business area, every product has its life cycle, which shows different stages that a product passes through over time and the sales that can be expected at each stage. In this essay, attentions will be paid on the different consequences of having a major product at the growth stage. After that, I will turn to the pros and cons of our company to sell sugar under the Fair-trade label and then giving my own opinion. According to the product life cycle, it is obviously that once a product comes into the growth stage, consumers identification in term of psychology and value is aroused, and new consumers are absorbed in so that there are repeating purchases, which leads to an increase of sales. If our company has a major product at this stage, the first consequence is that more profits will be gained and a competitive advantage to against others will be given. Secondly, costs may fall because production will increase. The third consequence is that it will also catch our competitors’ attention because of its considerable profits. We will write a custom essay sample on Pros and Cons of Fairtrade specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pros and Cons of Fairtrade specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pros and Cons of Fairtrade specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Thus they may launch their own versions which lead to a slowdown of ours. Fourthly, to keep and enhance our sales, price and quality, availability needs to be checked and promotion plan needs to be made so that brand loyalty can be encouraged and its life cycle can be extended. To be specific, in order to make consumes aware of our product, we can advertise on media like TV and newspaper to introduce our product and emphasize its strength. Moreover, sales promotions in retailers are also necessary, so that consumes could be persuaded to buy our product. Fair trade means more profits go to growers rather than middlemen. There are considerable advantages to sell sugar under the Fair trade label. To start with, the Fair trade products have a large potential market, as stated in the scenario, total sales were growing 12% on 08/09 and up from 493million to 800 million in two years. From this, it can be seen that there is an increasing number of consumers who recognize products under the fair trade label and support it. If current trends continue, our products would be a â€Å"cash cow† in sugar market and more profitable. Furthermore, if we sell sugar under the Fairtrade label, it would be a unique selling point to compete with our rivals, which means that we may absorb more consumers by this product; therefore brand loyalty among people would be captured. Finally, as the scenario shows, main retailers in UK like Tesco and Sainsbury’s stock Fairtrade products now. That is to say, Fair trade products are seen as potential products and get recognized from main leaders of retailers in UK. However, the disadvantages of the case also can not be ignored. In the first place, we need to give extra production money which is 2 million to sugar farmers in the first year. It is obviously that since sugar industry is a low added value industry, to recover costs and make profits will take a long term, therefore it would become a risky decision for our company. What is more, due to the high risk and low added valued of sugar under Fair trade label, it might be a niche market, and according to the size of our company, it is too small to bother with. So the result of our efforts on Fair trade product might not be paid back equally, and more seriously, it might even become a â€Å"problem child† in this environment. In conclusion, both pros and cons of launch a product of sugar under Fairtrade label should be taken into consideration. On the one hand, as our company is a 3. 6billion turnover company of producing sugar, we are experienced but also need to follow current trend and seize every opportunities. Products under Fair trade are gradually recognized by an increasing number of people recently and sugar products are not an exception. From this point, these products are potential and to sell them can enhance our brand loyalty to meet the needs of a certain group of customers. On the other hand, since the Fair-trade products still in a growing stage, it might be products with a niche market and it is high risky to do. In addition, if we only sell one product under Fairtrade label but not all of them, we might be asked by customers that whether we are lying and then our brand loyalty would go down, even might be heavily criticized by medias. However, because our company has a big influence on society, we could convert the market from niche to mainstream by launching variety kinds of products and advertising or promotion. To do this, we can both enhance our brand loyalty and decrease the risk.